基于麥長管蚜Sitobion avenae的保守型嗅覺受體Orco基因設(shè)計(jì)的siRNA及其應(yīng)用
【技術(shù)領(lǐng)域】
[0001]本發(fā)明屬于生物技術(shù)領(lǐng)域,涉及麥長管頓SitObion avenae嗅覺受體基因 SaveOrco的SiRNA序列及其在頓害防控領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用。
【背景技術(shù)】
[0002]頓蟲種類繁多、寄主范圍廣泛,許多是農(nóng)業(yè)上的重要害蟲刺吸取食寄主植物初 皮部汁液為生,通過掠奪寄主營養(yǎng)、攜帶和傳播植物病毒、排泄蜜露等多種方式造成寄主農(nóng) 作物產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的嚴(yán)重?fù)p失。慶蟲主要通過嗅覺來認(rèn)識(shí)周圍的生境,頓蟲也不例外,諸如近 距離的寄主植物定位[Webster BEN(2012)The role of olfaction in aphid host location?陸ysiological Entomology 37:10-18.]或外激素的識(shí)別[Mustaparta H(1990) Chemical information processing in the olfactory system of insect.Physiol Rev 70:199-245]等尤其依賴嗅覺。植物、植食性慶蟲、肉食性天敵等多級(jí)營養(yǎng)水平間存在著復(fù) 雜的化學(xué)通訊關(guān)系,引導(dǎo)這一關(guān)系的化學(xué)信號(hào)物質(zhì)通常是一些揮發(fā)性小分子化合物,來源 于植物揮發(fā)物(例如,綠葉氣味和誘導(dǎo)植物揮發(fā)物)或慶蟲信息素等,幫助慶蟲實(shí)現(xiàn)趨利避 害、生存繁衍,對(duì)慶蟲具有重要的生態(tài)學(xué)意義。E-g-法尼締化BF)是頓蟲報(bào)警信息素的主要 功能組分,是麥長管頓報(bào)警信息素的唯一組分[Francis F,/Vandermoten S,Verheggen F, Lognay G,Haubruge E(2005)Is the(E)-beta-famesene only volatile terpenoid in aphids?Journal of Applied Entomology 129:6-11.] D報(bào)警信息素的釋放通常會(huì)引起周 圍頓蟲的防御反應(yīng)或逃避行為[Pickett JA,Wadhams LJ,Woodcock CM,Hardie J(1992) The chemical ecology of aphids .Annual 民 eview of Entomology:67-90.]。另夕 K 保持 一定頻率的邸F釋放會(huì)引起旨宛豆頓Acyi'thosiphon pi sum、麥長管頓Sitiobion avenae成蟲 后代的有翅頓(遷飛頓)比例上升[Fan Jia,Zhang Yong,F(xiàn)rancis Fr自d自ric,Cheng Dengf過,Sun Jingrun,Chen Juli過n(2015)0rco mediates olfactory behaviors 過nd winged morph differentiation induced by alarm pheromone in the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology .9(64):16-24.Podjasek JO,Bosnjak LM,Brooker DJ,Mondor EB(2005)Alarm pheromone induces a tranSgenerational wing polyphenism in the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum.Canadian Journal of Zoology 83:1138-1141.Kunert G,0tto S,民ose US民, Gershenzon J,Weisser WW(2005)Alarm pheromone mediates production of winged dispersal morphs in aphids.Ecology Letters 8:596-603.Kunert G,Trautsch J, Weisser WW(2007)Density dependence of the alarm pheromone effect in pea aphids,Acyrthosiphon pisum(Sternorrhyncha:Aphididae).European Journal of Entomology 104:47-50. ] D移除觸角后的頓蟲不再響應(yīng)EBF的誘導(dǎo),提示該生理過程可能是 通過嗅覺系統(tǒng)介導(dǎo)的[Kunert G,Weisser WW(SOOS)I^e impoi^tance of antennae for pea aphid wing induction in the presence of natural enemies.Bulletin of Entomological Research 95:125-131 ?] D進(jìn)一步地,利用RNA干擾技術(shù)沉默麥長管頓的嗅 覺受體SaveOrco的表達(dá),證實(shí)EBF誘導(dǎo)麥長管頓發(fā)生遷飛頓分化的誘導(dǎo)過程是由該受體介 導(dǎo)的。遷飛頓的發(fā)生有助于頓蟲種群的趨利避害、擴(kuò)散增殖,進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)種群的快速擴(kuò)張。
[0003] 嗅覺感受是慶蟲獲得外部環(huán)境化學(xué)信息的主要手段,廣泛參與到慶蟲生命活動(dòng)的 方方面面,例如:覓食、交尾、產(chǎn)卵、聚集、趨利避害等,并起著重要作用,頓蟲亦不例外。頓蟲 發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)主寄主為害、意外墜藩時(shí),利用植物的揮發(fā)性"綠葉氣味"對(duì)寄主植物進(jìn)行探尋和再 定位;或者對(duì)種內(nèi)信息素,例如性信息素、報(bào)警信息素等的感受和響應(yīng)均依賴于嗅覺。干擾 或調(diào)控頓蟲的嗅覺行為,會(huì)直接影響頓蟲對(duì)寄主作物的識(shí)別和準(zhǔn)確定位,破壞頓蟲間的信 息交流,同時(shí),不致死。符合農(nóng)業(yè)有害生物綜合治理策略的基本原則。
[0004] 大多數(shù)頓蟲嗅覺信號(hào)的轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)均是由G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體(GPCR)完成的,慶蟲卻十分特 殊,利用嗅覺受體(OR)來介導(dǎo)來自外界的化學(xué)信號(hào)。慶蟲OR家族最初在果蛹中被鑒定 [Clyne PJ,Warr CG,F(xiàn)reeman M民,Lessing D,Kim J,et al.(1999)A novel family of divergent seven-transmembrane proteins : candidate odorant receptors in Drosophila.Neuron 22:327-338.Vosshall LB,Amrein H,Morozov PS,民zhetsky A,Axel 民(1999)A spatial map of olfactory receptor expression in the Drosophila antenna.Cell 96:725-736.Gao Q,Chess A(1999)Identification of Candidate Drosophila Olfactory Receptors from Genomic DNA Sequence.Genomics 60:31-39.], 起初歸類為GPCR超級(jí)蛋白家族DWestrand等[Wistrand M,KillL,Sonnhammer E化(2006)A general model of G protein-coupled receptor sequences and its application to detect remote homologs.Protein Science 15:509-521.Wistrand M,K撕L,Sonnhammer ELL(2006)A general model of G protein-coupled receptor sequences and its application to detect remote homologs .Protein Science 15:509-521.]利用GPCRHMM 模型,BP適合GPCR的隱馬爾可夫模型化idden Markov Model)分析不同物種的嗅覺受體家 族時(shí)曾提出,慶蟲OR的跨膜方向與GPC財(cái)目反,BPN末端位于嗅覺神經(jīng)細(xì)胞內(nèi),C末端則位于嗅 覺神經(jīng)膜外表面,這一推測很快通過一項(xiàng)利用目半乳糖骨酶標(biāo)簽來表達(dá)重組蛋白的技術(shù)被 證實(shí)[Wistrand M,Kall L,Sonnhammer ELL(2006)A general model of G protein-coupled receptor sequences and its application to detect remote homologs .Protein Science 15:509-521.pology and heteromeric function of Drosophila odorant receptors in vivo. PLoS Biology 4: e20.]。目前石開究顯示,慶蟲OR 區(qū)別于GPCR的特征主要有:雖然也是尤次跨膜結(jié)構(gòu),但跨膜方向相反;實(shí)際上是由異源多聚 體復(fù)合物行使嗅覺信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)功能的,其中通常含有一個(gè)OR伴隨受體(Orco)和至少一個(gè)OR, Orco是一個(gè)在慶蟲中高度保守的直系同源蛋白,且為慶蟲特異表達(dá)[Wistrand M,KailL, Sonnhammer ELL(2006)A general model of G protein-coupled receptor sequences and its application to detect remote homo logs. Protein Science 15:509 - 521.pology and heteromeric function of Drosop hi la odorant receptors in vivo.PLoS Biology 4:e20.Larsson MG,Domingos Al,Jones WD,Chiappe ME,Amrein H, et al.(2004)0r83b encodes a broadly expressed odorant receptor essential for Drosophila olfaction.Neuron 43:703-714.Nakagawa T,Sakurai T,Nishioka T, Touhara K(2005)Insect sex-pheromone